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Crime Scene Investigator Network Newsletter

JUNE 2007
Welcome to the June 2007 Crime Scene Investigator Network Newsletter

Stringing a Crime Scene
to Determine Trajectories


Gregory A. Parkinson

From the Journal of Forensic Identification
Vol. 53, No. 4, July/August 2003*

Today’s understanding of crime scene interpretation, combined with long-term experimentation under similar conditions, allows the investigator to gather, test, and formulate theories of origin based on the factual tests conducted by the investigator. The position of cartridges, cartridge cases, and bullets is just as important to the determination of origin as the position of drops of blood. From their placement, it may be possible to deduce the position of firing, the direction of the shot, and in certain cases, the path of the bullet. The test results often establish or refute claims made by witnesses and suspects.

“Stringing” (i.e., using a string to illustrate) a crime scene in order to determine a point of origin has a historical setting dating back to 1939. Stringing crime scenes involving shootings where two or more holes are made by one bullet may be feasible to determine the line of fire and the firing position of the shooter. Such determinations are made by sighting through the holes to trace the line of f light back to the source.

The determining of trajectory originated in the realm of the firearms examiner. The transition from exclusive use by firearms to other areas of crime scene interpretation began in early 1955 with the pioneer work in blood spatter analysis conducted by Professor Herbert L. MacDonell, who applied the same type of trajectory determination to the new discipline. Professor MacDonell deserves major credit for applying established principles of physics to a new scientific discipline. Geometry applied to ballistics is the same as geometry applied to bloodstains.

Expert Opinion

As crime scene investigators, it is possible to track the paths of the bullets; trace their trajectories; and video, diagram, or photograph the results. These are basic interpretations of the scene. Anytime you insert a protrusion rod into a bullet hole to show the trajectory of a bullet, you are rendering an expert opinion as to the direction of travel of the bullet based on your training, knowledge, and prior investigative experience.

< read the complete article >

*From the Journal of Forensic Identification Vol. 53, No. 4, July/August 2003.
The Official Publication of the International Association for Identification "Reproduction of the Journal of Forensic Identification, in whole or in part, for noncommercial, educational use is permitted provided proper citation of the source is noted."






Featured Product
New CSI and Forensic Job Announcements
Evidence Technician   |  Stockton, California Police Department
Final Filing Date: June 29, 2007
$2,891 - $3,712 per month

Evidence Technician I is the entry-level class in this specialized police civilian class series and is distinguished from Evidence Technician II in that it is the training level where incumbents learn the basic tasks associated with crime scene investigations, including fingerprinting, lifting latent prints, photography, and evidence investigation and preservation. This class is alternately staffed and incumbents may advance to the higher level after successfully completing a one-year probationary period and gaining one additional year of experience and demonstrating proficiency that meets the qualifications of the higher level class.

<View complete job listing>
Senior Photographer   |  Seattle, Washington Police Department
Final Filing Date: July 1, 2007
Salary: $22.01 to $25.62 an hour

Provide all aspects of general and forensic level photography, which requires performing advanced, complex, and sensitive forms of photography using specialized cameras, related equipment, and photographic processing of developed latent images, which includes planning and producing an aesthetic photograph that fulfills the objective for which it was created. Utilize conventional film and digital imaging techniques. Scan, import and export digital images for incorporation into suspect photo lineups, bulletins and digital case files. Provide expert witness testimony in court and prepare exhibits for court that require sufficient knowledge and understanding of the subject-matter such as latent blood and grease prints, foot, tire and tool impressions, arson and aerial photographs, accident investigation simulations and excavation sites. Develop film, cut, sleeve, and create contact prints. Print photographs for investigations, prosecutors and court use. Scan, import and export digital images for incorporation into suspect photo lineups, bulletins and digital case files. Access electronic booking of arrest images from King County?s Mug System. Troubleshoot and perform routine preventative camera, equipment maintenance and quality control of processing equipment. Monitor photographic inventory, supplies and other record systems. Specialized printing of large custom photographs and archive various department images. Mix, use and properly dispose of potentially toxic or hazardous chemicals. Train SPD personnel on Police photography techniques. Contact with inter-departmental and intra-departmental personnel and with other law enforcement agencies for the purpose of coordinating, providing, and exchanging information and responding to other photographic service requests. Work in inclement weather. Be available for on call, 24/7 response to photograph crime scenes.

<View complete job listing>
Police Crime Lab/Scene Technician   |  San Juan County, New Mexico Sheriff's Office
Final Filing Date: July 6, 2007
Salary: $57,850 -- $66,500

This position will respond to crime scenes and function in a lab setting collecting and processing evidence as well as testifying in court proceedings. The position involves being “on-call.”

<View complete job listing>
Crime Scene Technician  |  Kansas City, Missouri Police Department
Final Filing Date: July 14, 2007
Salary: $2,809 - $4,874

This is a civilian position responsible for identifying, documenting and collecting evidence at major scenes. The CSI Section is staffed 24/7 and new members are assigned to the evening or midnight shift upon successful completion of five months of initial training. All members must be comfortable with digital photography, advanced fingerprint skills, biological identification and collection and computer diagrams. Technicians work closely with laboratory Criminalists and sworn detectives assigned to investigative units. All members are IAI certified and the Laboratory (including CSI Section) is ASCLD/LAB accredited.

<View complete job listing>
Search for more job listings in Crime Scene Investigations and Forensics
<Crime Scene Investigator Network Employment Listings>


CSI In The News
<From bloody fingerprints to nasty drains, crime scene cleaners do their job>
As Atlanta burned and her family starved and suffering closed in, Scarlett O’Hara, heroine of that epic tale, raised her fist to the sky and vowed to make things better. Whatever it took. After all, as she liked to say, tomorrow is another day. But Scarlett never pulled clumps of hair enrobed in mucus out of her shower drain to make sure she could hack it on her own. Tracy Gunn did. She reached in one day and scooped up the slimiest, squishiest wads of who-knows-what in there. And she didn’t vomit. That’s how Gunn knew, in her despair over marital woes, desperate for a steady income in Golden Gate Estates, that she could be a crime scene cleaner.
Naples Daily News, by Kathleen Cullinan

<$200-million bond proposal has earmark for EP crime lab>
Legislators, during the session that ended last month, approved more than $200 million to build and expand DPS facilities, including replacing the crime lab in El Paso. If Texas voters approve a bond issue in November, Falknor said a brand new $7 million facility could be up and running in about three years.
El Paso Times, Brandi Grissom

<DNA lab in the works for St. Tammany>
The St. Tammany Parish Coroner's Office is moving to open a small temporary forensic science center, equipped and staffed to do DNA analysis, in Slidell by early fall. Once up and running, the facility at the former Defense Information Systems Agency site will be able to provide DNA analysis, toxicology tests and pathology for local law enforcement agencies, the center's first executive director said Monday. Tammy Pruet Northrup said instead of waiting two years for a permanent facility to be built, the coroner's office is setting up a temporary DNA lab and center in a 3,139-square-foot building recently leased from Slidell which owns the DISA property.
The Times Picayune, by Charlie Chapple

<CSI unit moves into new digs>
Call it CSI: Sudbury. It has been operating in the city for years, but Sudbury Regional Hospital's Northeastern Regional Forensic Pathology Unit has a new, larger location and it has been named a centre of excellence in Ontario. An official opening for the unit was held Thursday at its new digs at Sudbury Regional Hospital's Laurentian site. The unit and its staff conduct about 250 post-mortems a year, and are responsible for investigating all homicides and suspicious deaths in northeastern Ontario. They also conduct autopsies in most suicide and accident investigations, sudden unexplained natural deaths and as requested by family members or physicians.
Sudbury Star - Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, by Carol Mulligan

<Rochester police to open own forensic cyber lab>
Police estimate it can take up to seven months for a computer seized in a criminal investigation to be analyzed by the state's forensic lab in Concord. And with cybercrimes continuing to increase, so is the wait for analysis by the state. In an effort to speed the process up and become more self-reliant, the Rochester Police Department is looking to conduct its own forensic cyber testing. Capt. Scott Dumas said it's a "real possibility" the department will do some of their testing in-house and is looking to set up a forensics lab in the station. "It's going to happen," Dumas said. "We just need to get things in place and get our officers trained. There's too much need for it in this world not to have it." Detective Kenneth Tapscott, who specializes in cybercrime, recently completed forensic training in Vermont and will likely do most of the testing when a lab is established. Detectives from Portsmouth Police Department are also expected to visit the station soon to give advice about setting up a lab.
Foster's Daily Democrat - Dover, NH, by Aaron Sanborn

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