A study on the estimation of area of origin of swing cast-off pattern
Sang-Yoon Lee PhD, Hwa-Seon Lim BS, Ho-Yong Yie MS, Ki-Jong Rhee PhD, Sung-Min Kim MS, Young-Il Seo MS
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Abstract
In bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), a field of forensic science, there has been active discussion on the estimation of the area of origin of impact spatter. However, there is no established methodology to quantitatively analyze the area of origin of a swing cast-off pattern. To quantitatively analyze the methodology of previous research on estimation of area of origin, a device for generating uniform swing cast-off patterns was produced. Using artificial blood, 10 swing cast-off patterns were generated on porous paper; in each, 10 blood drops were selected for the calculation of the impact angle. Hemospat software was used for individual bloodstain analysis, and an open source code was used for estimation of area of origin. Under the same conditions, an additional 10 swing cast-off patterns were generated, and quantitative analysis was performed using trigonometric functions and an adjustment formula that minimized errors in calculating the impact angle. The adjustment formula was corrected to calculate the impact angle for the bloodstains on the porous surface. As uncertainty decreases, the error increases, and the point at which both uncertainty and error can be minimized is calculated as 75%. The existing formula included the trajectory in the estimated likelihood range in 75% of samples. When the adjustment formula was applied, the accuracy was improved, with the trajectory included in the area with a 90% likelihood.
Highlights
- To estimate the area of origin, we applied the adjustment formula to the existing algorithm.
- The adjustment formula is based on the results of measuring the bloodstains using regression equations.
- Application of the adjustment formula improved the accuracy of the trajectory of bloodstains.
- Using the adjusted formula reduces the uncertainty and the error in determining the trajectory.
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© 2024 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly cited and not changed in any way.